Word for out-of-date computer software or hardware

See: entity-relationship diagram. The process may include format checks, completeness checks, check key tests, reasonableness checks and limit checks. ANSI A collection of interrelated data, often with controlled redundancy, organized according to a schema to serve one or more applications.

The data are stored so that they can be used by different programs without concern for the data structure or organization.

A common approach is used to add new data and to modify and retrieve existing data. See: archival database. The degree to which a database is protected from exposure to accidental or malicious alteration or destruction. Program code statements which can never execute during program operation. Such code can result from poor coding style, or can be an artifact of previous versions or debugging efforts.

Dead code can be confusing, and is a potential source of erroneous software changes. See: infeasible path. Myers Determining the exact nature and location of a program error, and fixing the error.

Myers A test coverage criteria requiring enough test cases such that each decision has a true and false result at least once, and that each statement is executed at least once. Syn: branch coverage. IEEE A table used to show sets of conditions and the actions resulting from them.

ANSI Pertaining to an attribute, value, or option that is assumed when none is explicitly specified. A standard setting or state to be taken by the program if no alternate setting or state is initiated by the system or the user. A value assigned automatically if one is not given by the user. ANSI A character used to indicate the beginning or the end of a character string.

Syn: separator. Retrieve the information content from a modulated carrier wave; the reverse of modulate. Contrast with modulate. Converting signals from a wave form [analog] to pulse form [digital]. Contrast with modulation. A facet of reliability that relates to the degree of certainty that a system or component will operate correctly. IEEE The process of defining the architecture, components, interfaces, and other characteristics of a system or component.

See: architectural design, preliminary design, detailed design. IEEE A document that describes the design of a system or component. Syn: design document. Contrast with specification, requirements. See: software design description. IEEE The design decomposition of the software item; e. A methodology for planning experiments so that data appropriate for [statistical] analysis will be collected. IEEE The period of time in the software life cycle during which the designs for architecture, software components, interfaces, and data are created, documented, and verified to satisfy requirements.

IEEE A requirement that specifies or constrains the design of a system or system component. IEEE A process or meeting during which a system, hardware, or software design is presented to project personnel, managers, users, customers, or other interested parties for comment or approval.

Types include critical design review, preliminary design review, system design review. IEEE Standards that describe the characteristics of a design or a design description of data or program components. The application of code audit, inspection, review and walkthrough techniques to source code and other software documents usually by an individual [often by the person who generated them] and usually done informally. IEEE 1 The process of refining and expanding the preliminary design of a system or component to the extent that the design is sufficiently complete to be implemented.

See: software development process. ANSI A systematic approach to software creation that defines development phases and specifies the activities, products, verification procedures, and completion criteria for each phase. See: incremental development, rapid prototyping, spiral model, waterfall model. IEEE Pertaining to the detection and isolation of faults or failures.

For example, a diagnostic message, a diagnostic manual. IEEE Analysis of the allocation of software requirements to separate computer systems to reduce integration and interface errors related to safety. Performed when more than one software system is being integrated. See: testing, compatibility. Contrast with analog. Output related devices which translate a computer's digital outputs to the corresponding analog signals needed by an output device such as an actuator.

Specialized circuitry or a dedicated microprocessor that transfers data from memory to memory without using the CPU. IEEE A graph in which direction is implied in the internode connections. Syn: digraph. Circular rotating magnetic storage hardware. Disks can be hard [fixed] or flexible [removable] and different sizes. An operating system program; e. ANSI The aids provided for the understanding of the structure and intended uses of an information system or its components, such as flowcharts, textual material, and user manuals.

NIST A description of required documentation indicating its scope, content, format, and quality. Selection of the level may be based on project cost, intended usage, extent of effort, or other factors; e. NIST A management document describing the approach to a documentation effort. The plan typically describes what documentation types are to be prepared, what their contents are to be, when this is to be done and by whom, how it is to be done, and what are the available resources and external factors affecting the results.

NIST Technical data or information, including computer listings and printouts, in human readable form, that describe or specify the design or details, explain the capabilities, or provide operating instructions for using the software to obtain desired results from a software system. See: specification; specification, requirements; specification.

ISO The unwanted change of the value of an output signal of a device over a period of time when the values of all input signals to the device are kept constant. A program that links a peripheral device or internal function to the operating system, and providing for activation of all device functions.

Syn: device driver. Contrast with test driver. ISO Data transmission in both directions at the same time. NBS Analysis that is performed by executing the program code.

Contrast with static analysis. See: testing. NIST Modifying the content of the input by inserting, deleting, or moving characters, numbers, or data.

This means this IC does not necessarily have to be removed from the circuit in which it is mounted in order to erase and reprogram the memory.

Low frequency electromagnetic waves that emanate from electromechanical devices. An electromagnetic disturbance caused by such radiating and transmitting sources as heavy duty motors and power lines can induce unwanted voltages in electronic circuits, damage components and cause malfunctions. See: radiofrequency interference. Hardware intended to store binary data; e. The movement of static electricity, e. Static electricity can build on paper, plastic or other non-conductors and can be discharged by human skin, e.

It can also be generated by scuffing shoes on a carpet or by brushing a non-conductor. A device which has its own computing power dedicated to specific functions, usually consisting of a microprocessor and firmware.

The computer becomes an integral part of the device as opposed to devices which are controlled by an independent, stand-alone computer. It implies software that integrates operating system and application functions. IEEE Software that is part of a larger system and performs some of the requirements of that system; e. Such software does not provide an interface with the user. See: firmware. IEEE A model that accepts the same inputs and produces the same outputs as a given system.

To imitate one system with another. Contrast with simulation. IEEE A device, computer program, or system that accepts the same inputs and produces the same outputs as a given system.

Contrast with simulator. IEEE A software development technique that consists of isolating a system function or a set of data and the operations on those data within a module and providing precise specifications for the module. See: abstraction, information hiding, software engineering. ANSI 1 A person, device, program, or computer system that uses an information system for the purpose of data processing in information exchange.

See: user. A standard interface for hard disks introduced in which provides for faster data transfer compared to ST IEEE A diagram that depicts a set of real-world entities and the logical relationships among them. See: data structure diagram. ANSI 1 Everything that supports a system or the performance of a function.

Myers Partitioning the input domain of a program into a finite number of classes [sets], to identify a minimal set of well selected test cases to represent these classes. There are two types of input equivalence classes, valid and invalid.

Chips which may be programmed by using a PROM programming device. Before programming each bit is set to the same logical state, either 1 or 0. Each bit location may be thought of as a small capacitor capable of storing an electrical charge. The logical state is established by charging, via an electrical current, all bits whose states are to be changed from the default state.

EPROMs may be erased and reprogrammed because the electrical charge at the bit locations can be bled off [i. After programming, the IC's window must be covered to prevent exposure to UV light until it is desired to reprogram the chip. ISO A discrepancy between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition. See: anomaly, bug, defect, exception, fault.

Techniques used to identify errors in data transfers. See: check summation, cyclic redundancy check [CRC], parity check, longitudinal redundancy. NBS Test data selection technique. The selection criterion is to pick values that seem likely to cause errors.

See: special test data; testing, special case. IEEE The process of intentionally adding known faults to those already in a computer program for the purpose of monitoring the rate of detection and removal, and estimating the number of faults remaining in the program.

Contrast with mutation analysis. A table which lists events and the corresponding specified effect[s] of or reaction[s] to each event.

IEEE An event that causes suspension of normal program execution. Types include addressing exception, data exception, operation exception, overflow exception, protection exception, underflow exception. IEEE A record of the sequence of instructions executed during the execution of a computer program. Often takes the form of a list of code labels encountered as the program executes.

Syn: code trace, control flow trace. See: retrospective trace, subroutine trace, symbolic trace, variable trace. IEEE An event that causes suspension of normal program operation. See: anomaly, bug, defect, error, fault. An eight bit code used to represent specific data characters in some computers; e. NBS Test data that is at the extreme or boundary of the domain of an input variable or which produces results at the boundary of an output domain.

IEEE A system or component that automatically places itself in a safe operational mode in the event of a failure. IEEE The inability of a system or component to perform its required functions within specified performance requirements. See: bug, crash, exception, fault. Determining the exact nature and location of a program error in order to fix the error, to identify and fix other similar errors, and to initiate corrective action to prevent future occurrences of this type of error.

Contrast with debugging. Failure Modes and Effects Analysis. IEC A method of reliability analysis intended to identify failures, at the basic component level, which have significant consequences affecting the system performance in the application considered. Failure Modes and Effects Criticality Analysis.

An incorrect step, process, or data definition in a computer program which causes the program to perform in an unintended or unanticipated manner. See: anomaly, bug, defect, error, exception.

Fault Tree Analysis. IEC The identification and analysis of conditions and factors which cause or contribute to the occurrence of a defined undesirable event, usually one which significantly affects system performance, economy, safety or other required characteristics.

Analysis of the known or anticipated need for a product, system, or component to assess the degree to which the requirements, designs, or plans can be implemented. Federal Information Processing Standards. Standards published by U. These standards are intended to be binding only upon federal agencies.

Communications systems that use optical fibers for transmission. See: optical fiber. A field is a component of a record. A record is a component of a database. Syn: data set. ANSI The activity of keeping a file up to date by adding, changing, or deleting data. See: Kermit, Xmodem, Ymodem, Zmodem. IEEE The combination of a hardware device; e. Such software cannot be modified by the computer during processing. See: embedded software. IEEE A variable that is set to a prescribed state, often "true" or "false", based on the results of a process or the occurrence of a specified condition.

Syn: indicator. A data file that does not physically interconnect with or point to other files. Any relationship between two flat files is logical; e. Syn: flow diagram. See: block diagram, box diagram, bubble chart, graph, input-process-output chart, structure chart.

IEEE The test, inspection, or analytical process by which a group of configuration items comprising a system is verified to have met specific contractual performance requirements.

Contrast with code review, design review, requirements review, test readiness review. Intended primarily for use in solving technical problems in mathematics, engineering, and science. IEEE Verifies that each safety-critical software requirement is covered and that an appropriate criticality level is assigned to each software element.

IEEE An audit conducted to verify that the development of a configuration item has been completed satisfactorily, that the item has achieved the performance and functional characteristics specified in the functional or allocated configuration identification, and that its operational and support documents are complete and satisfactory.

See: physical configuration audit. IEEE 1 The process of defining the working relationships among the components of a system. See: architectural design. IEEE A requirement that specifies a function that a system or system component must be able to perform. Approximately one billion bytes; precisely or 1,,, bytes. See: kilobyte, megabyte.

IEEE A diagram or other representation consisting of a finite set of nodes and internode connections called edges or arcs. Contrast with blueprint. See: block diagram, box diagram, bubble chart, call graph, cause-effect graph, control flow diagram, data flow diagram, directed graph, flowchart, input-process-output chart, structure chart, transaction flowgraph. Transmissions [communications] which occur in only one direction at a time, but that direction can change.

An interlocked sequence of signals between connected components in which each component waits for the acknowledgement of its previous signal before proceeding with its action, such as data transfer.

Hardware used to read from or write to a hard disk. See: disk, disk drive. ISO Physical equipment, as opposed to programs, procedures, rules, and associated documentation. Contrast with software. A technique used to identify conceivable failures affecting system performance, human safety or other required characteristics. DOD The aggregate probability of occurrence of the individual events that create a specific hazard. DOD An assessment of the consequence of the worst credible mishap that could be caused by a specific hazard.

The base 16 number system. This is a convenient form in which to examine binary data because it collects 4 binary digits per hexadecimal digit; e. A programming language which requires little knowledge of the target computer, can be translated into several different machine languages, allows symbolic naming of operations and addresses, provides features designed to facilitate expression of data structures and program logic, and usually results in several machine instructions for each program statement.

Contrast with assembly language. The process of translating a design into hardware components, software components, or both. See: coding. IEEE The period of time in the software life cycle during which a software product is created from design documentation and debugged.

IEEE A requirement that specifies or constrains the coding or construction of a system or system component.

A structured reformation of the program module by module or function by function with an integration test being performed following each addition. Methods include top-down, breadth-first, depth-first, bottom-up. Contrast with nonincremental integration. IEEE A software development technique in which requirements definition, design, implementation, and testing occur in an overlapping, iterative [rather than sequential] manner, resulting in incremental completion of the overall software product.

Contrast with rapid prototyping, spiral model, waterfall model. QA Procedures and criteria recognized as acceptable practices by peer professional, credentialing, or accrediting organizations. NBS A sequence of program statements that can never be executed. Syn: dead code. The practice of "hiding" the details of a function or structure, making them inaccessible to other parts of the program. See: abstraction, encapsulation, software engineering.

Each microprocessor and each computer needs a way to communicate with the outside world in order to get the data needed for its programs and in order to communicate the results of its data manipulations. IEEE A diagram of a software system or module, consisting of a rectangle on the left listing inputs, a rectangle in the center listing processing steps, a rectangle on the right listing outputs, and arrows connecting inputs to processing steps and processing steps to outputs.

See: block diagram, box diagram, bubble chart, flowchart, graph, structure chart. A structured software design technique; identification of the steps involved in each process to be performed and identifying the inputs to and outputs from each step. A refinement called hierarchical input-process-output identifies the steps, inputs, and outputs at both general and detailed levels of detail.

A manual testing technique in which program documents [specifications requirements, design , source code or user's manuals] are examined in a very formal and disciplined manner to discover errors, violations of standards and other problems. Checklists are a typical vehicle used in accomplishing this technique.

See: static analysis, code audit, code inspection, code review, code walkthrough. ANSI The phase in the system life cycle that includes assembly and testing of the hardware and software of a computerized system. Installation includes installing a new computer system, new software or hardware, or otherwise modifying the current system.

IEEE The period of time in the software life cycle during which a software product is integrated into its operational environment and tested in this environment to ensure that it performs as required. Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers. An organization involved in the generation and promulgation of standards. IEEE standards represent the formalization of current norms of professional practice through the process of obtaining the consensus of concerned, practicing professionals in the given field.

See: computer instruction set. NBS The insertion of additional code into a program in order to collect information about program behavior during program execution.

Useful for dynamic analysis techniques such as assertion checking, coverage analysis, tuning. Small wafers of semiconductor material [silicon] etched or printed with extremely small electronic switching circuits. Syn: chip. A standard interface for hard disks which provides for building most of the controller circuitry into the disk drive to save space. IDE controllers are functionally equivalent to ST standard controllers.

IEEE Pertaining to a system or mode of operation in which each user entry causes a response from or action by the system. See: conversational, on-line, real time.

The concept involves the specification of the connection of two devices having different functions. IEEE Evaluation of: 1 software requirements specifications with hardware, user, operator, and software interface requirements documentation, 2 software design description records with hardware, operator, and software interface requirements specifications, 3 source code with hardware, operator, and software interface design documentation, for correctness, consistency, completeness, accuracy, and readability.

Entities to evaluate include data items and control items. IEEE A requirement that specifies an external item with which a system or system component must interact, or sets forth constraints on formats, timing, or other factors caused by such an interaction.

International Electrotechnical Commission. Geneva, Switzerland. An organization that sets standards for electronic products and components which are adopted by the safety standards agencies of many countries. International Organization for Standardization. An organization that sets international standards.

It deals with all fields except electrical and electronics which is governed by IEC. Syn: International Standards Organization. International Standards Organization. See: International Organization for Standardization.

An international organization for communications standards. IEEE To translate and execute each statement or construct of a computer program before translating and executing the next. Contrast with assemble, compile. IEEE A computer program that translates and executes each statement or construct of a computer program before translating and executing the next. The interpreter must be resident in the computer each time a program [source code file] written in an interpreted language is executed.

Contrast with assembler, compiler. The device sends a signal, called an interrupt, to the processor. The processor interrupts its current program, stores its current operating conditions, and executes a program to service the device sending the interrupt.

After the device is serviced, the processor restores its previous operating conditions and continues executing the interrupted program. A method for handling constantly changing data. Contrast with polling.

A software tool which analyzes potential conflicts in a system as a result of the occurrences of interrupts. IEEE A user-defined unit of work that is to be accomplished by a computer.

For example, the compilation, loading, and execution of a computer program. Tip: think of computing devices that are part of your smartphone…. Your teacher will demonstrate various software packages. Since these are all applications that run on a computing device, that you cannot physically touch, are they hardware or software? You will now research different computing packages and find out some key facts about these computing packages. Your teacher will carry out a Kahoot! Use your proper name as your nickname, so your teacher can check what you have learned during these lessons.

Learning Objectives To name, explain and understand various pieces of computing hardware To name, explain and understand various pieces of computing software Learning Outcomes All must — print out a list of short definitions for the five keywords. Level 4 Most should — print out a list of definitions for the five keywords.

Level 5 Some could — print out a list of definitions for the five keywords. Level 6 Keywords Words to learn: hardware, software, peripheral, application, device Starter Lesson 1 In Google type in: define: computer hardware define: computer software What does it say?

The words are: computer hardware computer software peripheral application device Main Lessons 1 and 2 Your teacher will pass around various computing devices. I don't believe there is a formalized, legal definition of end-of-life so the term is not literally an industry standard. Perhaps I should have said that it is "standard in the industry". Potatoswatter, how about saying: that's the de-facto standard in the industry — Sebastian Godelet.

Add a comment. Andrew C Andrew C 3 3 bronze badges. I never came across this one, as a seasoned developer. Good to know. If absolutely nothing more is to be done with a product, enhancement- or support-wise, my preference is withdrawn.

I've never heard this. The closest I've come is "twilight years" in the context of a greying individual :P — Lightness Races in Orbit. This sounds like meaningless euphemism. Your final two seem to hit the mark. I'm surprised you didn't include deprecated , given that OP said killed off was "too strong". I know it's a lot "weaker" than, say, discontinued, deactivated , but in some contexts it's pretty close to unsupported.

Deprecated is used more for software parts. Examples The licence on the module will be expiring in 30 days. We have planned obsolescence for deployment of Ubuntu next year. The version released Jan 15 will expire on July We are deprecating all iMac deployments in favour of Linux and Windows 8. When I tried to install the software, a dialog would pop up saying " This release has expired on Apr 30, Please contact IT support.

Blessed Geek Blessed Geek 9, 16 16 silver badges 34 34 bronze badges. Deprecated and obsolete aren't entirely synonymous. Obsolete means that it is antiquated and that there is a preferred modern alternative. Deprecated means that it is suggested you seek a more up to date method but acknowledges that certain situations will still make use of the technology that is on its way out. To Simplify: Obsolete means it's been replaced, Deprecated means it's on its way out.

When you go to a management meeting with no programmers - you never would use the term "deprecated", otherwise "huh"s all around. You have to use "obsolescence". Because in management lingo, "obsolescence" is a system that is still running but they badly wish to retire because has been superseded, but unfortunately still has some loose shoe laces tied elsewhere. James Waldby - jwpat7 James Waldby - jwpat7 I do not understand the question.

My edit certainly does use markdown markup. Follow the link for why. And please look up the distinction between for example and that is. That, too, has been discussed. There are issues relating to literalities. If you learn better by attending classes in person, consider taking a class through your local community center, library or community college.

In-person computer courses often provide you with a certificate of completion that you may add to your resume to show that you have formally developed computer skills. The best way to enhance your computer abilities is to practice what you learn. Try thinking about creative ways to practice your computer skills in your personal life. For example, if you recently learned how to operate an online interactive calendar, you could schedule your family's activities and appointments on the calendar to get accustomed to using it.

Alternatively, if you learned how to use business video chatting apps, you can create an account and use the app to practice video conference calls with friends or relatives. Follow these steps to efficiently highlight computer skills on your resume:. If a job posting only identifies two or three required computer skills, try to emphasize your expertise with those skills rather than adding additional skills to your resume that aren't as relevant to the position.

For example, if you are applying for a job that needs someone with experience using graphic design software and content management systems, it is unnecessary to add information about using a word processor or spreadsheets.

It's best to adapt your resume to each job you apply for and include only the most relevant skills. Computer skills are often technical, so it is important to mention specific software you know how to operate and your proficiency level for each one. Some jobs require you to have extensive knowledge of certain software or programs, such as Adobe Photoshop if you are working in a field like marketing or graphic design.

In these scenarios, make sure you list the specific computer skills in your resume skills section so that hiring managers know exactly what you are capable of doing. When you list your computer skills on your resume, it's important to make hiring managers believe you have those skills by explaining how you've used them in the past.

You can do this by giving specific examples of times you used your skills to complete tasks or accomplish goals in your work experience section. When you discuss your computer skills in the job experience section of your resume, start each sentence with an action verb.

These verbs give hiring managers information instantly, so they make it easier to understand which computer skills you have and how you have used them in the past. For example, if you are skilled in using Excel, you could state that you recorded data and built charts using Microsoft Excel in your last job.